{"id":2266,"date":"2016-12-18T11:26:22","date_gmt":"2016-12-18T10:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/?p=2266"},"modified":"2020-10-12T23:48:18","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T21:48:18","slug":"generer-et-installer-des-certificats-https-avec-lets-encrypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/?p=2266","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e9n\u00e9rer et installer des certificats HTTPS avec Let&rsquo;s Encrypt"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Introduction<\/h1>\n<p>Il y a deux ans, je m&rsquo;\u00e9tais pench\u00e9 sur la mise en place du <a href=\"https:\/\/chiffrer.info\/\">chiffrement<\/a> HTTPS avec les 2 articles suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/?p=1130\" rel=\"bookmark\">Nginx : Chiffrement HTTPS et SSL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/?p=1168\" rel=\"bookmark\">Nginx : Chiffrement HTTPS et SSL via une Autorit\u00e9 de Certification reconnue<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans le second article, je vous avais pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/startssl.com\/\">StartSSL<\/a>, une autorit\u00e9 de certification qui offrait\u00a0un certificat de base gratuit.<\/p>\n<p>Malheureusement, suite \u00e0 une gestion calamiteuse de la distribution des certificats par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tierce WoSign, les diff\u00e9rents \u00e9diteurs de navigateurs ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de retirer la confiance aux certificats \u00e9mis par StartSSL.<\/p>\n<p>Apple \u00e9crit dans <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/fr-fr\/HT204132\">son billet du 5 d\u00e9cembre 2016<\/a> :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>L\u2019autorit\u00e9 de certification WoSign a rencontr\u00e9 de multiples probl\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le dans ses processus d\u2019\u00e9mission de certificats pour la CA interm\u00e9diaire WoSign CA Free SSL Certificate G2. M\u00eame si aucune racine WoSign ne figure dans la liste des racines de confiance Apple, cette CA interm\u00e9diaire utilisait des relations de certificats sign\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re crois\u00e9e avec StartCom et Comodo pour se faire approuver sur les produits\u00a0Apple.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ces d\u00e9couvertes, nous avons pris des mesures pour prot\u00e9ger les utilisateurs dans une mise \u00e0 jour de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les produits\u00a0Apple ne se fient plus \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de certification interm\u00e9diaire WoSign CA Free SSL Certificate G2.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Firefox \u00e9crit dans <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/security\/2016\/10\/24\/distrusting-new-wosign-and-startcom-certificates\/\">son billet du 24 octobre 2016<\/a> :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\">Mozilla a d\u00e9couvert qu&rsquo;une autorit\u00e9 de certification appel\u00e9e WoSign a rencontr\u00e9 un certain nombre d&rsquo;\u00e9checs techniques et de gestion. <span class=\"\">Tr\u00e8s s\u00e9rieusement, nous avons d\u00e9couvert qu&rsquo;ils anti-dataient les certificats SSL afin de contourner la date limite du 1er janvier 2016 \u00e0 laquelle les CA devront cesser de d\u00e9livrer des certificats SSL SHA-1. En outre, Mozilla a d\u00e9couvert que WoSign avait acquis la pleine propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;un autre CA appel\u00e9 StartCom sans le signaler<\/span><span class=\"\">, comme l&rsquo;exige la politique de Mozilla.<\/span> <span class=\"\">Les repr\u00e9sentants de WoSign et de StartCom ont ni\u00e9 et continu\u00e9 de r\u00e9futer ces deux all\u00e9gations jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce que des donn\u00e9es suffisantes aient \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies pour d\u00e9montrer que les deux all\u00e9gations \u00e9taient correctes.<\/span> <span class=\"\">La malhonn\u00eatet\u00e9 affich\u00e9e par les repr\u00e9sentants de cette entreprise a conduit <\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Mozilla \u00e0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\"> se m\u00e9fier des <\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">futurs <\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">certificats cha\u00een\u00e9s jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;actuel WoSign <\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">inclus et les<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\"> certificats racines StartCom.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-01.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2271\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-01-620x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-01-620x422.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-01-175x119.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-01-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-01.png 1248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\">Mozilla et Google ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de se m\u00e9fier de tous les certificats racines StartCom \u00e0 partir du 21 octobre, cette situation aura un impact dans la prochaine version de Firefox et Chrome en janvier. <span class=\"\">La d\u00e9cision d&rsquo;Apple annonc\u00e9e le 30 novembre de se m\u00e9fier de tous les certificats racines StartCom \u00e0 compter du 1er d\u00e9cembre aura un impact dans leur prochaine mise \u00e0 jour de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Les abonn\u00e9s qui ont pay\u00e9 les frais de validation apr\u00e8s le 21 octobre peuvent obtenir un remboursement complet sur demande.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">StartCom fournira bient\u00f4t une solution provisoire et remplacera tous les certificats \u00e9mis le ou apr\u00e8s le 21 octobre en cas de demande.<\/span> <span class=\"\">Entre-temps, StartCom met \u00e0 jour tous les syst\u00e8mes et g\u00e9n\u00e8rera de nouveaux CA racines comme demand\u00e9 par Mozilla pour regagner la confiance dans ces navigateurs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-02.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-2272\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-02-98x175.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"98\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-02-98x175.png 98w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-02-300x533.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-02-620x1102.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-02.png 1242w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 98px) 100vw, 98px\" \/><\/a>Concr\u00e8tement, les versions de Firefox et Chrome qui sortiront \u00e0 partir janvier n&rsquo;accepteront plus les certificats sign\u00e9s apr\u00e8s les 21 octobre.<\/p>\n<p>Chez Apple, les nouvelles versions de Safari n&rsquo;accepteront plus de se connecter aux sites dont le certificat a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 apr\u00e8s le 30 novembre 2016.<br \/>\nC&rsquo;est d\u00e9j\u00e0 le cas de Safari inclus dans iOS 10.2.<\/p>\n<h1>Let&rsquo;s Encrypt, l&rsquo;alernative gratuite et open-source<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-03.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-03-620x125.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-03.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-03-175x35.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-03-300x60.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/letsencrypt.org\/\">Let&rsquo;s Encrypt<\/a> est une autorit\u00e9 de certification <span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">propuls\u00e9e<\/span> par l\u2019<span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Internet Security Research Group<\/span> (ISRG) qui vise \u00e0 augmenter significativement la part de trafic HTTPS sur les sites web.<\/p>\n<p>Elle est soutenue par des t\u00e9nors d&rsquo;internet comme : l\u2019<span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\">Electronic Frontier Foundation<\/span> (EFF), la Fondation Mozilla, Akamai, Cisco Systems, PlanetHoster, OVH, &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Je vous laisse lire la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Let's_Encrypt\">page Wikipedia du projet<\/a> pour comprendre son fonctionnement.<\/p>\n<h1>Installation de Let&rsquo;s Encrypt<\/h1>\n<h2>Cloner le repo GitHub<\/h2>\n<p>Nous allons nous placer dans le dossier <code>\/home\/pi<\/code> :<\/p>\n<pre>$ cd \/home\/pi<\/pre>\n<p>Puis, nous allons cloner le repo GitHub :<\/p>\n<pre>$ git clone https:\/\/github.com\/letsencrypt\/letsencrypt<\/pre>\n<p>On se place dans le dossier nouvellement cr\u00e9\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<pre>$ cd letsencrypt<\/pre>\n<p>Un petit <code>ls<\/code> nous retourne ceci :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-04.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-04-620x406.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-04-620x406.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-04-175x115.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-04-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-04.png 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Le script python qui nous int\u00e9resse est <code>certbot-auto<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>La commande <code>.\/certbot-auto --help<\/code> nous retourne l&rsquo;aide toujours utile \u00e0 avoir sous la main.<\/p>\n<h2>G\u00e9n\u00e9rer les certificats<\/h2>\n<p>On va commence par arr\u00eater le serveur web Nginx pour permettre le mode <em>standalone<\/em> :<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo service nginx stop<\/pre>\n<p>Puis on va ex\u00e9cuter le script :<\/p>\n<pre>$ .\/certbot-auto certonly --standalone --rsa-key-size 4096<\/pre>\n<p><code>certonly<\/code> permet d&rsquo;o<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">btenir un certificat, mais de ne pas l&rsquo;installer automatiquement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><code>--standalone<\/code> <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">va ex\u00e9cuter un petit serveur Web autonome pour l&rsquo;authentification. Ceci nous \u00e9vitera d&rsquo;installer un plugin \u00e0 Nginx.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><code>--rsa-key-size 4096<\/code> va g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un certificat avec une clef RSA de 4096 bits. La valeur par d\u00e9faut est de 2048.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NB.:<\/strong> La premi\u00e8re ex\u00e9cution du script peut prendre plusieurs minutes car celui-ci va installer tous les composants python n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 son fonctionnement.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-2266 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-05.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-05-300x197.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-05-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-05-175x115.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-05-620x406.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-05.png 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-06.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-06-300x197.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-06-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-06-175x115.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-06-620x406.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-06.png 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-07.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-07-300x197.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-07-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-07-175x115.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-07-620x406.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-07.png 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-08.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-08-300x197.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-08-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-08-175x115.png 175w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-08-620x406.png 620w, https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-08.png 665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>L&rsquo;adresse email sera utilis\u00e9e pour avertir l&rsquo;utilisateur de l\u2019imminence de la fin de validit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un certificat.<\/p>\n<p>Les certificats g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s seront plac\u00e9s dans le dossier : <code>\/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.domaine.tld\/<\/code><\/p>\n<p>On retiendra ces deux ci : <code>fullchain.pem<\/code> et <code>privkey.pem<\/code><\/p>\n<h2>Configurer Nginx<\/h2>\n<p>Voici un exemple de configuration Nginx :<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0listen\u00a0\u00a0 80;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied\n    default_server;\n\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0# Acc\u00e8s uniquement depuis www.domaine.tld\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0server_name www.domaine.tld;\n\n    # Force le HTTPS depuis un appel en HTTP\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0return\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0301 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;\n\n}\n\nserver {\n\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0listen 443 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0default_server;\n\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0server_name www.domaine.tld;\n\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0root \/var\/www\/;\n\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0index index.php index.html index.htm;\n\n    # Turn on SSL and SSL specific settings.\n    ssl on;\n \n    # SSL certificate and key location.\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.domaine.tld\/fullchain.pem;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.domaine.tld\/privkey.pem;\n\n    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;\n    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\n    ssl_ciphers \"EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH\";\n    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;\n    ssl_session_timeout 5m;\n\n    add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload\";\n    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;\n\n\u00a0   #ssl_session_tickets off; # Requires nginx &gt;= 1.5.9\n\u00a0   #ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx &gt;= 1.3.7\n\u00a0   #ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx =&gt; 1.3.7\n\n    resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;\n    resolver_timeout 5s;\n\n}<\/pre>\n<p>Une fois la configuration d&rsquo;Nginx termin\u00e9e, on le relance :<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo service nginx start<\/pre>\n<h2>Renouveler les certificats<\/h2>\n<pre>$ sudo service nginx stop<\/pre>\n<pre>$ .\/certbot-auto renew<\/pre>\n<pre>$ sudo service nginx start<\/pre>\n<h2>Supprimer un certificat<\/h2>\n<pre>$ sudo .\/certbot-auto delete --cert-name nom.domaine.tld<\/pre>\n<h2>Lister les domaines<\/h2>\n<pre>$ sudo .\/certbot-auto certificates<\/pre>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mondedie.fr\/d\/7414-Tuto-Certificat-SSL-signe-gratuit-avec-Let-s-Encrypt-et-nginx\">https:\/\/mondedie.fr\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.sutublog.com\/bash-script-auto-renew-letsencrypt-certificate\/712\">https:\/\/en.sutublog.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction <\/p>\n<p>Il y a deux ans, je m&rsquo;\u00e9tais pench\u00e9 sur la mise en place du <a href=\"https:\/\/chiffrer.info\/\">chiffrement<\/a> HTTPS avec les&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10,3,173,12],"tags":[162,107,104,255,51],"class_list":["post-2266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geek","category-informatique","category-linux","category-raspberrypi","tag-certificat","tag-chiffrement","tag-https","tag-lets-encrypt","tag-nginx","end"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Letsencrypt-00.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2266"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2266\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fanjoe.be\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}